You might not like the 1♠ bid, but you're stuck with it now. 2♦ is undiscussed, but partner is no expert and has a limited bidding vocabulary - so assume it is natural of some sort.
Hand 2 (MP Pairs):
The opening bid is Acol, so could be a 4 card suit if in a strong balanced hand. 4♠ is pre-emptive.
You might not like the 1♠ bid, but you're stuck with it now. 2♦ is undiscussed, but partner is no expert and has a limited bidding vocabulary - so assume it is natural of some sort.